A total knee replacement (also known as total knee arthroplasty) is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased knee joint is replaced with an artificial implant. This procedure is commonly performed to relieve pain and restore function in individuals suffering from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or severe knee injuries.

During the surgery, the damaged surfaces of the knee joint, including the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and sometimes the patella (kneecap), are removed. These surfaces are then replaced with prosthetic components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic that mimic the natural structure and function of the knee.

Recovery from total knee replacement typically involves a structured rehabilitation program, including physical therapy, to help restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Many patients experience significant pain relief and improved mobility, allowing them to return to daily activities and enhance their overall quality of life after surgery.