Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This tunnel is a narrow passageway surrounded by bones and ligaments, and when it becomes compressed or inflamed, it can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers, particularly in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger. Factors contributing to carpal tunnel syndrome include repetitive hand movements, wrist injuries, certain medical conditions (like diabetes or arthritis), and anatomical factors.